مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام
سال چهاردهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 51، تابستان 1385)

There are many colloidal and suspended solids in surface water for which coagulants should be used in process of water treatment. Plyaluminum chloride (PACl) is one of the newest coagulants . In this research, PACl has been used to coagulate water samples token from Arvandrood and Bahmanshir rivers as the main water suppliers of Abadan City.

A necessary number of water samples were taken during normal conditions from water sources of Abadan. The turbidity of a few samples was intentionally increased by addiny clayey soil because the turbidity of Abadan Rivers increases considerably in rainy seasons. The optimum coagulant doses and coagulation condition were then determined by standard Jar tests. Besides, residual Al and COD concentrations in finished water samples have been determined along with routine analyses of water.

The results show that turbidity removal rate from sample waters in Jar tests were 90 to 98 % and Al residual concentrations were about 0.41 mg/L. For samples with high turbidity, the removal rates were 98 to 99 %, but the Al residuals were about 0.06 mg/L. Conclution: Since the concentration of all pollutants decreased to less than their MCL values after the treatment of water with PACl , it can be concluded that using this new chemical dose not produce any adverse health effect. Considering the various advantages vis a vis conventional coagulation, PACl can be recommended to be used in trwating water in the Abadan plant. ***

Menopause is a period of life in women accompanied by various changes and symptoms. The most widely recognized symptom as being related to menopause is hotflash that affects on the work ,social activities, sleep and quality of life. The common treatment of this symptom is HRT that has some adverse effects and sometimes contraindications. In this research the, effect of Passion Flower on menopause- caused hotflash was assessed.

This clinical trial was performed on 54 women aged 45-55 years , suffering from hotflash and reffered for treatment. The samples were randomly divided in to 2 groups: 1)taking Passion Flower 2)The control group taking placebo .The women were interviewed while questionnaires considering demographic and hotflash characteristics (using Kupperman Index) were filled out for each case.Hotflash was assessed 24 hours before and 15and 30 days after treatment.

The result showed that there was a significant difference in severity of hotflash 30days after treatment in passion flower group (P<0.04).There was no significant difference in severity of hotflash ,30days after treatment in placebo group. (P> 0/05). No significant difference was seen in severity of hotflash between the groups before the treatment, but it was not the same after theraphy (P=0.02). Disscussion: Passion Flower is an effective way to treat the hotflash among women suffering from it. Therefore, it can be considered an alternative therapy.. ***

There is an increase in cortisol level the most important hormones in fat metabolism during exercises. Since the cortisol level in different times of a day is variable, and we have not more documents about the cortisol- levels in endurance competitions in Iran, this study was considered and performed. Methods & materials: In a cross-sectional study, 25 endurance runner men of 18-25 years old with 25 non- athlete men were selected. The cortisol and TG level via ElISA test in morning and evening were analyzed. T- test was used for statistical data analysis and P< 0.05 was considered as significant.

The morning cortisol level in athletes was 25 ± 1.1micg/dl and in evening was 12±1.5 micg/dl. The level in the control group in the morning and the evening were 11±2.7 micg/dl and 3±1.4 micg/dl respectively. The TG levels in athletes in morning and evening were 80±6 micg/dl and 162±12 micg/dl respectively. The TS levels in morning and afternoon in control group were 150±25 micg/dl and 200±34 micg/dl respectively. All the differences were statistically significant.

There is the most fat burning in endurance exercises including endurance running because of the higher levels of cortisol in the morning in contrast to evening.

Dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecological disorder among adolescent. The disease not only can cause physical and mental problems to woman all throughout the world, it may also bring about many socio- economic difficulties. Materials &

This study was a randomized clinical trial on 80 girls of 18-22 years who complained of primary dysmenorrhea and moderate to sever pain. They were divided in to two groups randomaly : (1) Acupressure group (2) Ibuprofen group. In the first menstrual cycle, there was no intervention in the groups. In second and third cycles, the 40 cases in Acupressure group used Acupressure at sanyinjiao point and the 40 cases in Ibuprofen group were treated by Ibuprofen (400 mg q 8h). The necessary data was gathered by questionaires and Visual analuge scale of pain (VAS) and Andrish- millsom scale of dysmenorrhea. Mann-whitney, fridman , wilcoxon , chi-square and t-test were used for data analysis.

This study showed that there was no significant difference in comparison of pain intensity between the two groups in the first and second months (P=0.073 and P=0.328 respectively) But there was a significant difference in comparison of pain intensity for each group before and after the treatment (P<0.001). Duration of pain in the first and second months didn’t prove any significant difference in the groups (P=0.308 and P=0.142 respectively) but duration of pain for each group was significantly different (P<0.001). Hhr need to extra analgesics in each group during the two cycles didn’t show any significant difference (P=0.390 and P=0.352 respectively).

The findings suggest that acupressure at sanyinjiao point can be an effective , available , cost – free intervention for reducing pain in dysmenorrhea and we recommend its use for self – care of primary dysmenorrhea . ***

The reusable Laryngeal tube "LT-R" and disposable Laryngeal tube "LTD" are two relatively new devices for maintaining the airway during controlled ventilation under general ansthesia. The present inventilation was ained to compare the performance of the LT-R and LT-D in a randomized controlled study. Materials &

One huandred ASA (I-II-III) patientsm aged 15-65 years, undergoing elective minor surgeries were randomized to receive either a LTR (N= 50) or LTD (N=50) for airway management. After induction of general anesthedia, devices were inserted, correct placement was verified, and airway leak pressure was measured. Time of insertion, quality of air way seal, fiberoptic view and post- operative pharyngeal morbidity was examined.

The first and second time success rates were comparable for both groups (90 vs 96% and 96 vs 98% in LT-D and LTR groups, respectively). The air wary of two patients in the first group could not be maintained with LT-D. The time until delivery of first tidal volume for LT-D and LT-R was 28.48 ± 2.1 sec and 23±2.1, while fixation and manipulation time was 50±2.2 and 47±2.5 respectively. Afterward, the patients were questioned for any post-operative pharyngeal complications. No significant differences were seen between the two groups, regarding possible after- effects.

It is concluded that both The devices seem to provide a secure airway similar clinical efficacy. Furthermore, it is easy to insert them all the same.

Forearm distal fractures are of the most common Fractures in the upper organs. To fix such deformities, hematoma block approach can be applied. Less time, costs, and side effects are of the advantages of this approach, but in some cases a full paninlessness may not be achieved. Thus, The study was purposed to add intravenous phentanil to this approach to provide a better painlessness. Material &

In a clinical experimentation, 40 candidates For surgical refixation of acate forearm under hematoma block aenesthesia were randomly investigated in two case and report groups. Lido caine 1% at 1 mg/kg in the hematoma site and 0.5 mg/kg round the osteoloied angle + intravenous Normal salin (plasbo) was used. Then the same lideocaine dose + 2µg/kg of intravenous Phentanil (5 minutes before the blockage) was injected. Afterward, the patient's tensity was assessed during the injection and fixation.

Both the groups, were under the same condition regarding age and sex. The finds showed that the pain during blocking as well as fixation was significantly more intense in the report group than the case one (P= 0.001).

It is concluded that applying the hematoma block method along with intravenous Phentanil decrease the pain all during the blocking as well as fixation process significantly, So more accepted by referring patients.

There are several evidences which prove cuneiformis nucleus involvement in nociception and possible role of opioid modulation of pain transmission from periphery to the cord and other higher nervous centers was the most interest of this study to be justified.

In the present study, the effect of intra cuneiformis microinjection of GABAB receptor agonist (-(-) Baclofen) and antagonists (CGP35348) on morphine-induced antinociception in rat were investigated.

Microinjection of morphine (10µg/0.5µl/rat) or different doses of Baclofen (.25, .5 &1µg per rat) had antinociception in the both, first and second phases of the formalin test. The response induced by morphine or baclofen in both phases was reduced by CGP35348. The response induced by combination of microinjection of baclofen (1µg per rat) and intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of naloxone in both phases was reduced in comparison to saline or baclofen (1µg per rat) alone. Microinjection of CGP35348 alone produced antinociception in the first phase of the formalin test. Morphine in combination with different doses of baclofen did not elicit potentialities in both phases, while CGP35348 in acute phase elicited potentialities.

It may be concluded that Cnf GABAB receptor via opioid receptor, induced antinociception in the formalin test. ***

Hyaluronan is an extremely long glycosaminoglycan, which at variance with other glycosaminoglycans, is released into the extracellular. Both proteoglycans and hyaluronan influence many aspects of cell behavior by multiple interactions with other molecules.They synthesis change significantly during ovarian follicular development.This study was aimed to recognize of the structure of hyaluronan named glycosaminoglycans and also its alteration in different parts of follicular development during ovarian cycle.

In this study, 60 mice with race N-MARI (wt 25-30gr) were prepared from Razi Institute. After adaptation of mice to laboratory conditions and reaching the maturity age, They were used in this study. After appearance of pudenda, which indicate ovarian cycle, their ovaries, were removed and changes in hyaluronan were studied using histochemical methods. Using Alcian Blue staining, pH=3.2, the hyaluronan in prepared tissue blocks from ovarian was evaluated.

The observed changes proved that expression of hyaluronan was increased during folliculogenesis up to preovulatory stage. Hyaluronan synthesis increased in zona pellucida, base membrane and inner teca cells during ovarian cycle but it decreased in follicular cells and follicular fluid after antral stage.

It can be concluded that expression of hyaluronan is necessary for expansion of cumulus-oopherous complex during foliculogenesis and ovulation, and also for increase of sperm motility during fertilization.